Which disorder is described as exhibiting involuntary facial grimaces and abnormal movements due to long-term medication use?

Which disorder is described as exhibiting involuntary facial grimaces and abnormal movements due to long-term medication use?

• A. Tardive dyskinesia
• B. Parkinson's
• C. Alzheimer's Disease
• D. Huntington's disease

Answer: (A)

Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary facial grimaces and abnormal movements, typically arising as a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications. This condition often presents with symptoms such as repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and other body parts. It occurs as a result of neurochemical changes in the body due to prolonged medication use, specifically those that affect dopamine pathways. In contrast, Parkinson's disease is primarily associated with tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, related to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, but it doesn't stem from medication use in the same way. Alzheimer's disease primarily involves cognitive decline and memory loss rather than involuntary movements. Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by chorea and cognitive decline but is not related to medication-induced symptoms. Thus, the features of involuntary movements and facial grimacing directly connect to tardive dyskinesia, making it the accurate choice for this question.

Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by involuntary facial grimaces and abnormal movements, typically arising as a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications. This condition often presents with symptoms such as repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and other body parts. It occurs as a result of neurochemical changes in the body due to prolonged medication use, specifically those that affect dopamine pathways.

In contrast, Parkinson's disease is primarily associated with tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, related to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, but it doesn't stem from medication use in the same way. Alzheimer's disease primarily involves cognitive decline and memory loss rather than involuntary movements. Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by chorea and cognitive decline but is not related to medication-induced symptoms. Thus, the features of involuntary movements and facial grimacing directly connect to tardive dyskinesia, making it the accurate choice for this question.