Which condition involves alternating major depressive episodes with hypomaniac episodes?

Bipolar II disorder is characterized by the occurrence of major depressive episodes that alternate with periods of hypomanic episodes. Hypomania is a milder form of mania, and during these episodes, individuals may experience increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and elevated mood, but not to the extent of full-blown manic episodes that define Bipolar I disorder.

In Bipolar II, the major depressive episodes are significant and can severely impact a person’s functioning. The presence of hypomanic episodes allows individuals to experience bursts of creativity and productivity while still being able to function relatively well in their day-to-day lives, unlike the more severe manic episodes seen in Bipolar I disorder.

This distinction is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Dysthymic disorder, which is now largely considered persistent depressive disorder, involves a chronic state of depression but does not include episodes of hypomania. Seasonal affective disorder is tied to seasonal changes and does not involve the alternating patterns characteristic of Bipolar disorders.