What neurological disorder typically affects individuals in midlife and shows symptoms of both cognitive and motor decline?

Huntington's disease is characterized by its specific hereditary nature and typically manifests in midlife, usually starting between the ages of 30 and 50. This disorder results from the degeneration of neurons in certain areas of the brain, leading to both cognitive and motor symptoms. Individuals with Huntington's experience progressive motor decline, which includes involuntary movements known as chorea, along with cognitive decline that impacts memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation.

Cognitive decline in Huntington's disease can severely affect an individual's ability to perform daily tasks and maintain social relationships. The condition is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, leading to a buildup of the huntingtin protein, which is toxic to neurons. Its midlife onset and the dual presence of cognitive and motor symptoms make Huntington's disease distinct among the neurological disorders listed.