What is the technique called that develops new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations?

The technique that develops new behaviors by reinforcing successive approximations is known as shaping. This method is rooted in operant conditioning, a learning theory that emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. In shaping, a behavior is gradually molded by rewarding closer and closer approximations to the desired behavior.

For example, if you want to teach a dog to roll over, you might start by rewarding it for simply lying down, then for rolling onto its side, and finally for completing the full roll. Each step is reinforced, which encourages the dog to continue progressing toward the final behavior of rolling over.

This approach is highly effective in both therapeutic settings and education because it allows for incremental learning and builds confidence as the individual experiences success at each stage. It is useful in music therapy for developing new skills and behaviors in clients by breaking down complex tasks into manageable steps, reinforcing each small achievement along the way.