What is the primary characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

The primary characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the presence of recurrent, unwanted thoughts, also known as obsessions, and/or repetitive behaviors, referred to as compulsions. Individuals with OCD often experience intrusive thoughts that cause significant anxiety or distress, leading them to engage in certain rituals or behaviors in an attempt to alleviate that anxiety. This cycle of obsessions and compulsions is a defining feature of the disorder and differentiates it from other mental health conditions.

Other options focus on different psychological concerns: the extreme fear of social situations is characteristic of social anxiety disorder, the inability to focus or concentrate can be seen in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depressive disorders, and severe mood swings are indicative of mood disorders such as bipolar disorder. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.