What is schizophrenia primarily characterized by?

Schizophrenia is primarily characterized by alterations in thinking and perception. Individuals with this disorder often experience symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and disturbed perceptions of reality. These cognitive distortions can significantly affect their insight and understanding, leading to challenges in communication and interactions with others.

This characteristic distinguishes schizophrenia from other mental health conditions, as the hallmark symptoms are primarily related to thought processes and perceptual experiences rather than emotional states or social behaviors. Social aversion may occur as a consequence of the primary symptoms, but it is not itself a defining characteristic of schizophrenia. Similarly, extreme mood changes are more closely associated with mood disorders, while physical disabilities are not a typical feature of schizophrenia.