What is positive reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement refers to the addition of a favorable consequence or stimulus following a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood that this behavior will be repeated in the future. In the context of behavior modification, when an individual demonstrates an appropriate or desired behavior, providing a reward, praise, or any other pleasant outcome reinforces that behavior. This encourages the individual to continue engaging in that behavior, promoting learning and motivation.

For example, in a music therapy setting, if a client participates actively in a session and receives praise or a small reward for their engagement, they are more likely to participate actively in future sessions. This aligns with the principles of operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped and maintained through the use of reinforcements.

The other options reflect different concepts related to behavior management. The removal of an unpleasant stimulus relates to negative reinforcement, which aims to increase behavior by eliminating adverse conditions. Encouraging behavior through punishment involves applying a negative consequence to reduce unwanted behavior, which is not the same as reinforcement. Ignoring a negative behavior can be a form of extinction, where the behavior is not reinforced, potentially reducing its occurrence but not positively reinforcing any desired behavior.