What is a learning disorder primarily characterized by?

A learning disorder is fundamentally characterized by difficulties in processing information, which can manifest as challenges in reading, writing, mathematics, or other academic skills. This deficit in processing input can lead to academic underachievement despite having the intelligence and motivation to perform at a higher level.

This characteristic is critical in distinguishing learning disorders from other issues that may affect a student's performance. While excessive daydreaming, lack of interest in subjects, or challenges in social interactions may play a role in educational settings, they do not define learning disorders. Those factors could reflect other psychological or environmental issues rather than the cognitive processing deficits that are central to learning disorders. Thus, the defining trait is the specific impairments in how individuals process information, significantly impacting their academic performance.