What is a key feature of oppositional defiant disorder?

A key feature of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the presence of persistent hostility and negative behavior. Individuals with ODD often exhibit a pattern of angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. This may manifest as frequent temper tantrums, excessive arguing with authority figures, and actively refusing to comply with requests. Such a pattern is not just occasional but has a significant impact on social, academic, and occupational functioning.

In contrast, elevated social engagement is typically more indicative of sociability rather than oppositional behavior, and strong academic performance would not generally align with the challenges faced by individuals with ODD. Similarly, a tendency to follow rules closely is inconsistent with the defiant and oppositional traits characteristic of this disorder. Understanding these features is essential for recognizing ODD and differentiating it from other behavioral or emotional disorders.