What is a common characteristic of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder?

A common characteristic of mood disorders, specifically major depressive disorder, is a reduction in energy and motivation levels. Individuals diagnosed with this condition often experience significant fatigue, lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, and an overall sense of lethargy. This symptom can impact daily functioning and social interactions, often leading to feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, which are also hallmark signs of major depressive disorder.

Unlike conditions that may involve psychotic features, major depressive disorder itself does not necessarily include these elements, making the second choice more aligned with the core symptoms of the disorder. Mood states that are elevated for long durations are indicative of bipolar disorders rather than unipolar depressive conditions, and responses to stimuli without emotional impact do not accurately reflect the emotional disturbances associated with major depressive disorder, which typically involves strong emotional responses, albeit in a negative direction. Thus, the focus on reduced energy and motivation captures the essence of the experience for individuals with major depressive disorder.