What does 'phenotype' refer to in genetics?

The term 'phenotype' refers to the observable characteristics of an individual, including physical traits, behaviors, and other features that can be seen or measured. Phenotypes are the result of the interaction between an individual's genetic makeup (genotype) and the environment. For instance, an individual's height, eye color, and temperament are part of their phenotype, which can vary among individuals with the same genotype due to different environmental influences.

In genetic studies, understanding phenotypes is crucial because they are often the traits that are studied in relation to specific genetic variations. It allows researchers to connect the dots between genetics and observable traits, leading to insights in areas like heredity and evolution.