What does "entrainment" refer to?

Entrainment refers to the synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues, such as auditory or visual stimuli. This concept is often observed in the context of music therapy, where music can influence heart rate, breathing patterns, and even brainwave activities. For instance, when individuals listen to a rhythmical piece of music, their internal biological rhythms may align with the beat of the music, promoting physiological and psychological coherence.

This synchronization is critical in therapeutic settings, as it can enhance relaxation, increase focus, and facilitate emotional expression. Entrainment is also a foundational principle in understanding how music can affect our mood and bodily states, making it a vital concept in music therapy practice. It demonstrates the powerful connection between external stimuli and internal physiological and psychological states, explaining why certain rhythms and tempos can invoke specific emotional responses or alter bodily functions.