What does encephalitis refer to?

Encephalitis specifically refers to the inflammation of the brain, which can result from various causes including viral infections, autoimmune responses, or other infectious agents. This condition can significantly affect the patient's neurological functioning, leading to symptoms such as headache, fever, confusion, seizures, and even loss of consciousness. The underlying inflammation can cause damage to brain tissue, leading to potential long-term neurological consequences.

The other options refer to inflammation in different parts of the body. For instance, inflammation of the heart relates to myocarditis, inflammation of the lungs is called pneumonia, and inflammation of the stomach is referred to as gastritis. Each of these conditions affects distinct organ systems and involves unique pathological processes, further highlighting that encephalitis is specifically centered on brain inflammation.