What describes the array of methods based on behavioral and cognitive science?

Cognitive behavioral therapy is the correct answer as it specifically refers to an integrated approach that combines techniques from both behavioral and cognitive science. This therapy focuses on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, using structured strategies to identify and modify patterns of thought and actions. By addressing how thoughts influence feelings and behaviors, cognitive behavioral therapy allows individuals to develop coping strategies that can lead to improved mental health outcomes.

Behavior therapy, while significant in its own right, primarily focuses on changing behaviors through conditioning, without necessarily addressing the cognitive processes behind those behaviors. Psychodynamic therapy relies heavily on exploring the unconscious influences and past experiences, placing less emphasis on the direct modification of behaviors or cognition. Humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization and is less structured than cognitive behavioral therapy; it generally does not apply the specific methodologies derived from behavioral and cognitive sciences. Thus, cognitive behavioral therapy encompasses the combination and application of methods from both behavioral and cognitive frameworks effectively.