What condition is characterized by an enlarged head due to cerebral-spinal fluid?

Hydrocephalus is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, which leads to increased pressure and results in an enlarged head. In infants, this condition can cause the skull to expand because their skull bones have not yet fused, allowing for that expansion. The buildup of CSF can impair brain function and lead to a range of neurological symptoms if not treated. Treatment typically involves surgical interventions, such as the placement of a shunt to drain excess fluid and relieve pressure on the brain.

The other conditions mentioned do not primarily result in an enlarged head due to CSF accumulation. Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord and can lead to symptoms such as headache and fever, but it does not specifically cause hydrocephalus. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and does not involve fluid accumulation. Cerebral Palsy is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone but is not directly related to CSF buildup.