Down's Syndrome is caused by what genetic condition?

Down's Syndrome is caused by what genetic condition?

• A. Trisomy 21
• B. Monosomy X
• C. Trisomy 18
• D. Turner Syndrome

Answer: (A)

The genetic condition causing Down's Syndrome is Trisomy 21. This condition occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of three copies instead of the usual two. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down's Syndrome, which can include cognitive disabilities, distinct physical features, and an increased risk of certain medical conditions. In contrast, the other listed options involve different chromosomal abnormalities: Monosomy X, also known as Turner Syndrome, occurs when a female has only one X chromosome, leading to various developmental and medical issues. Trisomy 18, or Edwards syndrome, involves an extra chromosome 18 and typically results in severe developmental delays and a short lifespan. Turner Syndrome is a specific condition related to the absence of one of the X chromosomes in females and does not relate to Down's syndrome. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in genetics, as it clarifies the unique nature of these conditions.

The genetic condition causing Down's Syndrome is Trisomy 21. This condition occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of three copies instead of the usual two. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down's Syndrome, which can include cognitive disabilities, distinct physical features, and an increased risk of certain medical conditions.

In contrast, the other listed options involve different chromosomal abnormalities: Monosomy X, also known as Turner Syndrome, occurs when a female has only one X chromosome, leading to various developmental and medical issues. Trisomy 18, or Edwards syndrome, involves an extra chromosome 18 and typically results in severe developmental delays and a short lifespan. Turner Syndrome is a specific condition related to the absence of one of the X chromosomes in females and does not relate to Down's syndrome. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in genetics, as it clarifies the unique nature of these conditions.