According to learned helplessness theory, what contributes to anxiety and depression?

Learned helplessness theory suggests that when individuals perceive they have no control over the events affecting their lives, they may develop feelings of helplessness, which can lead to anxiety and depression. This phenomenon occurs when people repeatedly experience adverse situations that they cannot change or escape from, leading them to ultimately accept their lack of control as a permanent state. This mindset creates a sense of powerlessness, which can significantly contribute to the development of mood disorders such as anxiety and depression.

In contrast to this, perceptions of control (such as feeling empowered to influence stressors) or focusing on positive outcomes (like past successes) would likely yield more adaptive responses and resilience. The belief in luck and chance does not address one’s active engagement with stressors, making it distinct from the core idea presented by learned helplessness theory.